What materials are used for the core of C.T and why?
In order to reduce the ampere-turns (AT) needed the core of a C.T must have high permeability, a low flux density, small iron loss, and low phase difference error. Suitable materials for core of CT are Silicon steel which having the maximum permeability in the range of 4500 at flux densities of approx 5000 lines/cm2 with the phase difference error limited to 1.5 to 2⁰. A nickel-iron alloy (Mu-metal) which contains the small amount of copper having the maximum permeability of 80000 at flux density near about 3500 lines/cm2 with phase difference error below 0.5⁰ is also used for the core of CT. As the nickel-iron alloy (Mu-metal) reduces the magnetizing current and core losses up to 10% as compared to corresponding silicon steel material. Hence Nickel-iron alloy is the best suitable material for the core of C.T. where a high degree of accuracy is required.
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